ABSTRACT
Objective To characterize the biomarkers of urine samples for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)combined with pattern recognition.Methods 400 MHz 1H-NMR was used to test the urine samples obtained from 23 patients with Ⅰ/Ⅱ stage CRC,40 healthy controls (HC)and 18 patients with esophageal cancer (EC). Pattern recognition through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)was applied on 1H-NMR data to find urine metabolic differences between CRC and HC.Results OPLS-DA could effectively determine HC,patients withⅠ/Ⅱstage CRC and patients with esophageal cancer.Compared with HC,early stage CRC had significant decreases of choline,isocitric acid,lactamine,phenylalan, cysteine,creatinine,aspartic acid,hippurate acid,methylamine,dimethyl sulfone,and increases of acetoacetate,glutamine,glycocyamine,cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate,homocycteine in the urine samples.Conclusion Urine metabonomics based on NMRIndicates that glucose metabolism,amino acid metabolism,choline metabolism,energy metabolism and intestinal microflora are disturbance in colorectal cancer patients,which provide valuable metabolic information on the molecular level for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the dosimetric differences of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer using 6MV X-ray flattening filter-free (FFF) and flattening filter (FF) modes.Methods FF-VMAT and FFF-VMAT plans were designed for 15 rectal cancer patients with preoperative radiotherapy by planning treatment system (Eclipse 10.0),respectively.Prescription dose of PTV was 50 Gy in 25 fractions.When the plans were normalized to 50 Gy to 95 ％ of PTV,the dose volume histogram (DVH),target and risk organ doses,conformity indexes (CI),homogeneity indexes (HI),low dose volume of normal tissue (B-P),monitor units (MU) and treatment time (TT) were compared between the two kinds of plans.Results FF-VMAT provided the lower Dmean,V105,HI (P ＜ 0.05),and higher CI (P ＜ 0.05) compared with FFF-VMAT.Small intestine (D5),Bladder (D5,Dmean V40,V50),L-femoral head (V40),R-femoral head (Dmean) were lower in FF-VMAT than those in FFF-VMAT (P ＜ 0.05).FF-VMAT had higher B-P (V5) compared with FFF-VMAT (P ＜ 0.05).FF-VMAT reduced the monitor units (MU) by 21％ (382±53 vs 483±26,P ＜ 0.05),as well as the treatment time (TT) in FF-VMAT was no significant difference compared with that in FFF-VMAT [(148±4) s vs (146±3) s,P ＞ 0.05)].Conclusions The qualities of FF-VMAT and FFF-VMAT plans were comparable and both clinically acceptable.When comparing two plans,FF-VMAT showed better target coverage and some of OARs sparing.The MUs of FFF-VMAT were higher than those of FF-VMAT,yet were not delivered within the same time.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between triple-negative and HER-2-overexpressed breast cancer patients.Methods From Jan.1997 to Jan.2007,data of 725 cases of primary breast cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment were analyzed.The patients were classified into triple-negative and HER-2-overexpressed phenotypes based on immunohistochemistry results.The clinicopathological characteristics and survival of the 2 groups were compared.Results Of the 725 cases,triple-negative and HER-2-overexpressed phenotypes accounted for 12.29%and 24.96%respectively.Compared with HER-2-overexpressed group,the triple-negative group had significantly higher proportion of familial history of malignancy (18.4% vs 5.5%,P=0.001)and higher proportion of patients'histological grade reaching grade 3(54.0% vs 42.0%,P=0.01).There were more lymph node metastasis in triple-negative group than that in HER-2-overexpression group(N1+N2+N3:74.7%vs 64.6%,P=0.045).The recurrence and metastasis rate within 2 years and brain metastasis rate in triple-negative group were higher than those in HER-2-overexpressed group (25.3%,8.0%vs 8.8%,2.2%,respectively,P0.05).Conclusion Compared to HER-2-overexpressed group,patients with triple-negative breast cancer show higher rate of familial history of malignancy,and they are associated with higher histological grade and poor prognosis.